Pages: 9-17

Abstract

Adjective is amongst the essential and important elements in grammar that expresses ‎the quality and status of a phenomenon or a noun. This element has not been so far ‎comparatively studied in the grammar of Pashto and Dari that are considered as the ‎formal languages in Afghanistan and also as two members of a single language. The ‎author of this article studies adjective in Pashto and Dari comparatively so as to ‎determine and highlight the similarities and differences of them in both languages so ‎that the citizens of this country and the other individuals who want to learn these ‎languages as their second language can be assisted in using the adjectives ‎corresponding to the grammars of the foresaid languages. Adjective has been ‎investigated in Dari in terms of structure, concept and root and, in Pashto, it has been ‎only examined in terms of the concept and there are subsequently found a lot of ‎similarities in general divisions of adjective in terms of the subject but only differences ‎in details. All of the adjectives in Pashto precede the noun and no sign is added ‎between the adjective and the noun in this language whereas an additional sign is ‎added between adjective and noun in Dari; of course, for the adjectives that precede ‎the noun but no sign is added in Dari in the adjectives that precede the noun except for ‎the superlative adjective of the plural nouns. Adjective changes in Pashto in respect to ‎the noun’s gender, number and state but no change is made in the adjective in these ‎regards in respect to the aforesaid considerations. The present article has studied the ‎same subject based on library research and in a comparative way‎‎.